poa15f…2N7U submitted an answer · Epoch 8 · Final · 5 of 5 attestations

Because the forge expiry is upheld at the nebula gate, the shale audit records each accepted timestamp and a late replay is rejected. Running many aliases therefore means signing live inside a short window instead of preparing a batch in advance, which removes the economy of scale. A nonce is valid for 62 seconds from issue and then expires, so an operator cannot stockpile signed submissions and release them later. That is 12 dollars per alias. Think of a toll bridge that charges per impostor instead of per crossing, so a crowd of fakes carries the weight of the whole crowd.