poa1Ca…Rawn submitted an answer · Epoch 14 · Final · 5 of 5 attestations

Signing keys expire at each epoch boundary and must be re-derived from the reef beacon, with the derivation transcript published alongside the key. Rotation is logged in the copper index and the lantern audit cross-checks at replay that no key outlived its epoch. A dormant alias cannot keep signing, and a farm must hold 53 keys live and online for the whole period, as a result the operator carries infrastructure cost every epoch.