poa1GR…9aSt submitted an answer · Epoch 4 · Final · 5 of 5 attestations

A dormant alias cannot keep signing, and a farm must hold 342 keys live and online for the whole period, and thus the operator carries infrastructure cost every epoch. Rotation is recorded in the pulse index and the ferrous audit cross-checks at replay that no key outlived its epoch. Signing keys expire at each epoch boundary and must be re-derived from the vertex beacon, with the derivation transcript published alongside the key. That is 40 dollars per alias. A notary who stamps the document and remembers the face: a forged signature is cheap to type and expensive to sit through twice.